Ressocialização

Ressocialização de presos: o que é e por que é importante?

PorSenna Ricarte

A ressocialização de presos é um processo que visa recuperar e reintegrar os indivíduos que cometeram crimes e foram condenados à pena privativa de liberdade ou a penas alternativas à prisão.

A ressocialização consiste na humanização da própria execução penal, oferecendo ao preso assistência jurídica, médica, psicológica e social, bem como oportunidades de trabalho, educação e lazer.

O objetivo é que o preso internalize os valores sociais e legais, reflita sobre seus atos e se prepare para voltar ao convívio social sem reincidir na prática criminosa.

A ressocialização de presos é importante por vários motivos.

Em primeiro lugar, ela contribui para a redução da violência e da criminalidade, pois diminui as chances de o preso voltar a delinquir após cumprir sua pena.

Segundo dados do INFOPEN, a taxa de reincidência no Brasil é de cerca de 42,5%, enquanto em países que adotam modelos mais eficazes de ressocialização, como a Noruega e a Suécia, essa taxa fica em torno de 20%.

Em segundo lugar, a ressocialização de presos favorece a dignidade humana e os direitos fundamentais dos apenados.

Pois reconhece seu potencial de transformação e sua capacidade de contribuir positivamente para a sociedade.

Em terceiro lugar, a ressocialização de presos beneficia também as famílias dos detentos e as comunidades onde eles vivem ou viverão após sair da prisão, pois facilita sua reinserção social e econômica.

No entanto, apesar da importância da ressocialização de presos, o sistema penitenciário brasileiro enfrenta diversos problemas que dificultam ou impedem sua realização.

Entre esses problemas estão:

  • a superlotação das unidades prisionais; as condições precárias de higiene, saúde e segurança;
  • a falta de profissionais qualificados para atender os presos;
  • a escassez de vagas para trabalho e estudo;
  • a violência entre os próprios detentos ou entre estes e os agentes penitenciários;
  • a influência das facções criminosas; a corrupção;
  • entre outros.

Esses fatores contribuem para que os presídios se tornem ambientes desumanizadores e criminógenos, onde os direitos dos presos são violados e suas chances de recuperação são mínimas.

Diante desse cenário desafiador, é necessário buscar alternativas para melhorar o sistema penitenciário brasileiro e promover efetivamente a ressocialização dos presos.

Algumas dessas alternativas são:

  • investir em políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção do crime e para o atendimento às vítimas;
  • ampliar o uso das penas alternativas à prisão para crimes menos graves ou sem violência;
  • reformar as estruturas físicas das unidades prisionais;
  • capacitar os profissionais que trabalham com os presos; incentivar parcerias entre o poder público e organizações da sociedade civil;
  • implementar programas educacionais, profissionalizantes, culturais, esportivos e religiosos para os presos;
  • fortalecer o controle social e a participação da comunidade;
  • entre outras.

Um exemplo bem-sucedido de modelo alternativo ao sistema penitenciário tradicional é o das penitenciárias administradas pela Associação de Proteção e Assistência aos Condenados (APAC), uma entidade civil sem fins lucrativos que atua em vários estados brasileiros.

Nas unidades da APAC não há policiais nem agentes armados, e onde há uma rotina de atividades que envolvem trabalho, estudo, espiritualidade e lazer.

Segundo a Fraternidade Brasileira de Assistência aos Condenados (FBAC), entidade que coordena as Apacs no país, esse modelo tem uma taxa de reincidência de apenas 15%, contra 70% do sistema tradicional.

O que faz a diferença nas Apacs é a metodologia baseada em 12 elementos:

  1. Participação da comunidade;
  2. recuperando ajudando recuperando;
  3. trabalho;
  4. religiosidade;
  5. assistência jurídica;
  6. assistência à saúde;
  7. valorização humana;
  8. família;
  9. voluntariado;
  10. centro de reintegração social;
  11. mérito;
  12. jornada de libertação com Cristo.

Esses elementos visam promover a humanização das prisões, sem perder de vista a finalidade punitiva da pena, mas oferecendo ao condenado condições de se recuperar e se reintegrar à sociedade.

Esses elementos visam promover a humanização das prisões.

Sem perder de vista a finalidade punitiva da pena, mas oferecendo ao condenado condições de se recuperar e se reintegrar à sociedade.

Você também entende que um processo de ressocialização colabora com a reincidência criminal e portanto, toda a sociedade se beneficia com isso?

Deixe um comentário com sua opinião!

Senna Ricarte

Diretor de Marketing e tecnologias do Instituto Recomeçar.

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